Cyclophosphamide
Brand and Other Names:
Cyclophosphamide
Mechanism of Action:
The mechanism of action is thought to involve cross-linking of tumor cell DNA.
Indications:
Cyclophosphamide is indicated for use in:
- Malignant lymphomas (e.g., Hodgkin’s disease, Burkitt’s lymphoma)
- Multiple myeloma
- Leukemias (e.g., CLL, CML, AML, ALL)
- Mycosis fungoides
- Neuroblastoma
- Adenocarcinoma of the ovary
- Retinoblastoma
- Breast carcinoma
Route:
oral
Dose:
Malignant diseases: 1–5 mg/kg/day orally
Pediatric nephrotic syndrome: 2 mg/kg/day orally for 8–12 weeks (max 168 mg/kg)
Adverse Reactions:
- Neutropenia, febrile neutropenia
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Alopecia
Postmarketing:
- Serious cardiac events, hemorrhagic cystitis, infertility, severe infections
- Pulmonary issues, liver damage, neurotoxicity
Contraindication:
Known hypersensitivity to cyclophosphamide and urinary outflow obstruction.
Warnings and Precautions:
Major Risks:
- Myelosuppression and serious infections
- Hemorrhagic cystitis and other urinary tract toxicities
- Cardiotoxicity (e.g., myocarditis, arrhythmias)
- Pulmonary toxicity (e.g., fibrosis, pneumonitis)
- Secondary malignancies
- Veno-occlusive liver disease
- Embryo-fetal toxicity
- Impairment of fertility in both males and females
- Hyponatremia and SIADH-like symptoms
See package insert for full prescribing information.