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Flucloxacillin

Brand and Other Names: Flucloxacillin
Mechanism of Action:
Indications:
Route:
Dose:
Adverse Reactions:
Contraindication:
Warnings and Precautions:
Description:
Not FDA-approved in the U.S.; approved in other countries 
 
GOOGLE OVERVIEW:
Flucloxacillin (also known as floxacillin) is a penicillin antibiotic primarily used to treat bacterial infections, especially those caused by penicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus species. 
Here's a breakdown of what you should know about flucloxacillin:
Uses
  • Skin and soft tissue infections: This includes conditions like cellulitis, wound infections, and impetigo.
  • Bone infections: Like osteomyelitis.
  • Ear infections:
  • Bloodstream infections: Caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Pre-surgical prevention: To prevent Staphylococcus infections before surgery.
  • Other infections: May be used in conjunction with other antibiotics to treat pneumonia and endocarditis. 
Mechanism of action
Flucloxacillin works by interfering with the construction of the bacterial cell wall, ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacteria. It is resistant to enzymes called penicillinases, produced by certain bacteria, that typically inactivate penicillin antibiotics, making it effective against some strains of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to regular penicillin. However, it is not effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). 
Administration
Flucloxacillin can be taken by mouth (orally) or given by injection into a vein or muscle. Dosage depends on the type and severity of the infection, and patient factors like age and kidney function. 
 
Side effects
  • Common side effects: Diarrhea, nausea, stomach upset, rash, pain at the injection site.
  • Serious side effects:
    • Allergic reactions: Swelling of the lips, mouth, throat or tongue, difficulty breathing (call 999 immediately if this occurs).
    • Liver problems: Including cholestatic jaundice, which can manifest as pale stools, dark urine, and yellowish eyes and skin. This can be serious and may occur weeks after treatment has stopped.
    • Severe diarrhoea: Potentially caused by Clostridium difficile infection.
    • Skin reactions: Red, scaly rash, blisters, or ulcers.
    • Blood and fluid abnormalities: Including high anion gap metabolic acidosis, particularly when used with paracetamol and in individuals with kidney problems, sepsis or malnutrition.
    • Low potassium levels (hypokalaemia): Particularly with high doses, potentially causing muscle weakness or abnormal heart rhythms. 
Important warnings
  • Allergies: Flucloxacillin should not be used by individuals with a history of allergies to penicillins, cephalosporins, or carbapenems.
  • Liver problems: Use with caution in patients with existing liver impairment due to the risk of cholestatic hepatitis.
  • Kidney problems: Dosage may need to be adjusted in patients with kidney failure.
  • Interactions with other medicines: Flucloxacillin can interact with certain medications, including paracetamol, probenecid, some antibiotics, and warfarin. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all the medications you are taking.
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Consult with a healthcare professional before using flucloxacillin during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. 
This information is for general knowledge and should not replace advice from a healthcare professional. Always consult with your doctor or pharmacist regarding specific concerns about flucloxacillin or any other medication.
See package insert for full prescribing information.